AI-ACCELERATED DRUG DISCOVERY
Available from Reaxense
This protein is integrated into the Receptor.AI ecosystem as a prospective target with high therapeutic potential. We performed a comprehensive characterization of Carbonic anhydrase 2 including:
1. LLM-powered literature research
Our custom-tailored LLM extracted and formalized all relevant information about the protein from a large set of structured and unstructured data sources and stored it in the form of a Knowledge Graph. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to gain insight into Carbonic anhydrase 2 therapeutic significance, existing small molecule ligands, relevant off-targets, and protein-protein interactions.
Fig. 1. Preliminary target research workflow
2. AI-Driven Conformational Ensemble Generation
Starting from the initial protein structure, we employed advanced AI algorithms to predict alternative functional states of Carbonic anhydrase 2, including large-scale conformational changes along "soft" collective coordinates. Through molecular simulations with AI-enhanced sampling and trajectory clustering, we explored the broad conformational space of the protein and identified its representative structures. Utilizing diffusion-based AI models and active learning AutoML, we generated a statistically robust ensemble of equilibrium protein conformations that capture the receptor's full dynamic behavior, providing a robust foundation for accurate structure-based drug design.
Fig. 2. AI-powered molecular dynamics simulations workflow
3. Binding pockets identification and characterization
We employed the AI-based pocket prediction module to discover orthosteric, allosteric, hidden, and cryptic binding pockets on the protein’s surface. Our technique integrates the LLM-driven literature search and structure-aware ensemble-based pocket detection algorithm that utilizes previously established protein dynamics. Tentative pockets are then subject to AI scoring and ranking with simultaneous detection of false positives. In the final step, the AI model assesses the druggability of each pocket enabling a comprehensive selection of the most promising pockets for further targeting.
Fig. 3. AI-based binding pocket detection workflow
4. AI-Powered Virtual Screening
Our ecosystem is equipped to perform AI-driven virtual screening on Carbonic anhydrase 2. With access to a vast chemical space and cutting-edge AI docking algorithms, we can rapidly and reliably predict the most promising, novel, diverse, potent, and safe small molecule ligands of Carbonic anhydrase 2. This approach allows us to achieve an excellent hit rate and to identify compounds ready for advanced lead discovery and optimization.
Fig. 4. The screening workflow of Receptor.AI
Receptor.AI, in partnership with Reaxense, developed a next-generation technology for on-demand focused library design to enable extensive target exploration.
The focused library for Carbonic anhydrase 2 includes a list of the most effective modulators, each annotated with 38 ADME-Tox and 32 physicochemical and drug-likeness parameters. Furthermore, each compound is shown with its optimal docking poses, affinity scores, and activity scores, offering a detailed summary.
Carbonic anhydrase 2
partner:
Reaxense
upacc:
P00918
UPID:
CAH2_HUMAN
Alternative names:
Carbonate dehydratase II; Carbonic anhydrase C; Carbonic anhydrase II; Cyanamide hydratase CA2
Alternative UPACC:
P00918; B2R7G8; Q6FI12; Q96ET9
Background:
Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), also known as carbonate dehydratase II, plays a pivotal role in the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. This enzyme is essential for various physiological processes, including bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation, crucial for maintaining bone health. CA2's ability to hydrate cyanamide to urea and stimulate the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6 underscores its versatility in biochemical reactions.
Therapeutic significance:
CA2's involvement in autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, a rare genetic disease characterized by dense bone and potential organ failure, highlights its therapeutic significance. Understanding CA2's function could lead to breakthroughs in treating osteopetrosis and related conditions, offering hope for patients suffering from these debilitating diseases.
