Available from Reaxense
This protein is integrated into the Receptor.AI ecosystem as a prospective target with high therapeutic potential. We performed a comprehensive characterization of C-C motif chemokine 2 including:
1. LLM-powered literature research
Our custom-tailored LLM extracted and formalized all relevant information about the protein from a large set of structured and unstructured data sources and stored it in the form of a Knowledge Graph. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to gain insight into C-C motif chemokine 2 therapeutic significance, existing small molecule ligands, relevant off-targets, and protein-protein interactions.
Fig. 1. Preliminary target research workflow
2. AI-Driven Conformational Ensemble Generation
Starting from the initial protein structure, we employed advanced AI algorithms to predict alternative functional states of C-C motif chemokine 2, including large-scale conformational changes along "soft" collective coordinates. Through molecular simulations with AI-enhanced sampling and trajectory clustering, we explored the broad conformational space of the protein and identified its representative structures. Utilizing diffusion-based AI models and active learning AutoML, we generated a statistically robust ensemble of equilibrium protein conformations that capture the receptor's full dynamic behavior, providing a robust foundation for accurate structure-based drug design.
Fig. 2. AI-powered molecular dynamics simulations workflow
3. Binding pockets identification and characterization
We employed the AI-based pocket prediction module to discover orthosteric, allosteric, hidden, and cryptic binding pockets on the protein’s surface. Our technique integrates the LLM-driven literature search and structure-aware ensemble-based pocket detection algorithm that utilizes previously established protein dynamics. Tentative pockets are then subject to AI scoring and ranking with simultaneous detection of false positives. In the final step, the AI model assesses the druggability of each pocket enabling a comprehensive selection of the most promising pockets for further targeting.
Fig. 3. AI-based binding pocket detection workflow
4. AI-Powered Virtual Screening
Our ecosystem is equipped to perform AI-driven virtual screening on C-C motif chemokine 2. With access to a vast chemical space and cutting-edge AI docking algorithms, we can rapidly and reliably predict the most promising, novel, diverse, potent, and safe small molecule ligands of C-C motif chemokine 2. This approach allows us to achieve an excellent hit rate and to identify compounds ready for advanced lead discovery and optimization.
Fig. 4. The screening workflow of Receptor.AI
Receptor.AI, in partnership with Reaxense, developed a next-generation technology for on-demand focused library design to enable extensive target exploration.
The focused library for C-C motif chemokine 2 includes a list of the most effective modulators, each annotated with 38 ADME-Tox and 32 physicochemical and drug-likeness parameters. Furthermore, each compound is shown with its optimal docking poses, affinity scores, and activity scores, offering a detailed summary.
C-C motif chemokine 2
partner:
Reaxense
upacc:
P13500
UPID:
CCL2_HUMAN
Alternative names:
HC11; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor; Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; Monocyte secretory protein JE; Small-inducible cytokine A2
Alternative UPACC:
P13500; B2R4V3; Q9UDF3
Background:
C-C motif chemokine 2, also known by alternative names such as Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and Monocyte chemotactic protein 1, plays a pivotal role in immune responses. It acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2, signaling through binding and activation of CCR2. This protein induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions, showcasing chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils, but not neutrophils or eosinophils.
Therapeutic significance:
Understanding the role of C-C motif chemokine 2 could open doors to potential therapeutic strategies. Its involvement in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis highlights its significance in cardiovascular diseases, suggesting avenues for therapeutic intervention.