Available from Reaxense
This protein is integrated into the Receptor.AI ecosystem as a prospective target with high therapeutic potential. We performed a comprehensive characterization of Progranulin including:
1. LLM-powered literature research
Our custom-tailored LLM extracted and formalized all relevant information about the protein from a large set of structured and unstructured data sources and stored it in the form of a Knowledge Graph. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to gain insight into Progranulin therapeutic significance, existing small molecule ligands, relevant off-targets, and protein-protein interactions.
Fig. 1. Preliminary target research workflow
2. AI-Driven Conformational Ensemble Generation
Starting from the initial protein structure, we employed advanced AI algorithms to predict alternative functional states of Progranulin, including large-scale conformational changes along "soft" collective coordinates. Through molecular simulations with AI-enhanced sampling and trajectory clustering, we explored the broad conformational space of the protein and identified its representative structures. Utilizing diffusion-based AI models and active learning AutoML, we generated a statistically robust ensemble of equilibrium protein conformations that capture the receptor's full dynamic behavior, providing a robust foundation for accurate structure-based drug design.
Fig. 2. AI-powered molecular dynamics simulations workflow
3. Binding pockets identification and characterization
We employed the AI-based pocket prediction module to discover orthosteric, allosteric, hidden, and cryptic binding pockets on the protein’s surface. Our technique integrates the LLM-driven literature search and structure-aware ensemble-based pocket detection algorithm that utilizes previously established protein dynamics. Tentative pockets are then subject to AI scoring and ranking with simultaneous detection of false positives. In the final step, the AI model assesses the druggability of each pocket enabling a comprehensive selection of the most promising pockets for further targeting.
Fig. 3. AI-based binding pocket detection workflow
4. AI-Powered Virtual Screening
Our ecosystem is equipped to perform AI-driven virtual screening on Progranulin. With access to a vast chemical space and cutting-edge AI docking algorithms, we can rapidly and reliably predict the most promising, novel, diverse, potent, and safe small molecule ligands of Progranulin. This approach allows us to achieve an excellent hit rate and to identify compounds ready for advanced lead discovery and optimization.
Fig. 4. The screening workflow of Receptor.AI
Receptor.AI, in partnership with Reaxense, developed a next-generation technology for on-demand focused library design to enable extensive target exploration.
The focused library for Progranulin includes a list of the most effective modulators, each annotated with 38 ADME-Tox and 32 physicochemical and drug-likeness parameters. Furthermore, each compound is shown with its optimal docking poses, affinity scores, and activity scores, offering a detailed summary.
Progranulin
partner:
Reaxense
upacc:
P28799
UPID:
GRN_HUMAN
Alternative names:
Acrogranin; Epithelin precursor; Glycoprotein of 88 Kda; Granulin precursor; PC cell-derived growth factor; Proepithelin
Alternative UPACC:
P28799; D3DX55; P23781; P23782; P23783; P23784; Q53HQ8; Q53Y88; Q540U8; Q9BWE7; Q9H8S1; Q9UCH0
Background:
Progranulin, known by alternative names such as Acrogranin and Granulin precursor, is a secreted protein pivotal in lysosomal function, inflammation, and cell proliferation. It regulates protein trafficking to lysosomes, enhances lysosomal enzyme activity, and is crucial in wound healing and cell growth. Progranulin's interaction with CTSD stabilizes it, maintaining its peptidase activity.
Therapeutic significance:
Linked to diseases like Ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Progranulin's role in neurodegeneration highlights its therapeutic potential. Understanding Progranulin's functions could lead to breakthroughs in treating these debilitating conditions.