AI-ACCELERATED DRUG DISCOVERY
Available from Reaxense
This protein is integrated into the Receptor.AI ecosystem as a prospective target with high therapeutic potential. We performed a comprehensive characterization of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 including:
1. LLM-powered literature research
Our custom-tailored LLM extracted and formalized all relevant information about the protein from a large set of structured and unstructured data sources and stored it in the form of a Knowledge Graph. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to gain insight into CX3C chemokine receptor 1 therapeutic significance, existing small molecule ligands, relevant off-targets, and protein-protein interactions.
Fig. 1. Preliminary target research workflow
2. AI-Driven Conformational Ensemble Generation
Starting from the initial protein structure, we employed advanced AI algorithms to predict alternative functional states of CX3C chemokine receptor 1, including large-scale conformational changes along "soft" collective coordinates. Through molecular simulations with AI-enhanced sampling and trajectory clustering, we explored the broad conformational space of the protein and identified its representative structures. Utilizing diffusion-based AI models and active learning AutoML, we generated a statistically robust ensemble of equilibrium protein conformations that capture the receptor's full dynamic behavior, providing a robust foundation for accurate structure-based drug design.
Fig. 2. AI-powered molecular dynamics simulations workflow
3. Binding pockets identification and characterization
We employed the AI-based pocket prediction module to discover orthosteric, allosteric, hidden, and cryptic binding pockets on the protein’s surface. Our technique integrates the LLM-driven literature search and structure-aware ensemble-based pocket detection algorithm that utilizes previously established protein dynamics. Tentative pockets are then subject to AI scoring and ranking with simultaneous detection of false positives. In the final step, the AI model assesses the druggability of each pocket enabling a comprehensive selection of the most promising pockets for further targeting.
Fig. 3. AI-based binding pocket detection workflow
4. AI-Powered Virtual Screening
Our ecosystem is equipped to perform AI-driven virtual screening on CX3C chemokine receptor 1. With access to a vast chemical space and cutting-edge AI docking algorithms, we can rapidly and reliably predict the most promising, novel, diverse, potent, and safe small molecule ligands of CX3C chemokine receptor 1. This approach allows us to achieve an excellent hit rate and to identify compounds ready for advanced lead discovery and optimization.
Fig. 4. The screening workflow of Receptor.AI
Receptor.AI, in partnership with Reaxense, developed a next-generation technology for on-demand focused library design to enable extensive target exploration.
The focused library for CX3C chemokine receptor 1 includes a list of the most effective modulators, each annotated with 38 ADME-Tox and 32 physicochemical and drug-likeness parameters. Furthermore, each compound is shown with its optimal docking poses, affinity scores, and activity scores, offering a detailed summary.
CX3C chemokine receptor 1
partner:
Reaxense
upacc:
P49238
UPID:
CX3C1_HUMAN
Alternative names:
Beta chemokine receptor-like 1; Fractalkine receptor; G-protein coupled receptor 13; V28
Alternative UPACC:
P49238; A0N0N6; B2R5Z4; J3KP17
Background:
CX3C chemokine receptor 1, known as CX3CR1, plays a pivotal role in immune response, inflammation, and cell adhesion. It acts as a receptor for the chemokine fractalkine, mediating leukocyte migration and exerting functions in tissue compartments. Its involvement in the recruitment of natural killer cells, regulation of inflammation in atherogenesis, and role in airway inflammation highlight its significance in immune modulation. Additionally, CX3CR1 is crucial in brain development, synaptic pruning, and gut microbiota regulation.
Therapeutic significance:
CX3CR1's association with age-related macular degeneration underscores its therapeutic potential. Understanding the role of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 could open doors to potential therapeutic strategies, particularly in treating irreversible vision loss and managing immune-related disorders.
